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Blood Flow Restriction Training for Hypertrophy, strength and cardivascular endurance (VO2 max) in Sydney

Blood Flow Restriction Training – What You Need To Know

What Is Blood Flow Restriction Training?

 

Blood Flow Restriction Training (BFRT) is brief bouts of exercise with restriction of venous blood flow restriction. The restriction is applied via tourniquet which is applied to either the Upper limb/s or lower limb/s. BFRT is also referred to as: occlusion training, low intensity occlusion training, vascular occlusion training, muscle occlusion training, hypoxic training, or KAATSU.

It has been found to improve localised muscle adaptations as well as systemic (whole body) changes. Studies show improvement in cardiovascular endurance with low intensity exercise or low resistance training (as low as 20-30% 1 rep max).

 

Uses for BFRT:Blood Flow Restriction Training for Rehabilitation

  • Effective for Rehabilitation
  • Aids Recovery
  • Improving Cardiovascular Function

 

The researched benefits of BFRT include:

  • Increased Strength
  • Increasing Muscle Growth (Hypertrophy)
  • Limiting Muscle wastage (Atrophy)

 

Call To Find Out More About How Blood Flow Restriction training in Sydney can help you improves strength, hype

How Blood Flow Restriction Training Works:

The Use of tourniquet (blood flow restriction cuff) increases cellular swelling, allowing the venous blood supply to pool in the occluded limb whilst the workout is complete. As soon as the cuff is release, an influx of oxygenated blood flows into the tissues and helps to speed up the muscle repair phase.

The cellular swelling increases blood lactate level (think lactic acid) which stimulates the body to produce more growth hormone and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Growth hormone is responsible to collagen synthesis which is an important part of tissue repair and recovery. IGF-1 is linked with increased muscle growth. Another molecule responsible for cellular growth is Rapamycin (mTORC2) which is also stimulated post BFRT.

When the muscles working under anaerobic (non-oxygenated) conditions, it increases muscle fatigue quicker under a lower load due to increased muscle fibre recruitment. Which then leads to increased muscle protein synthesis. This increased muscle protein synthesis can last for up to 24 hrs post exercise.

Muscle recruitment under hypoxic conditions is also increased, which leads to more muscle fibres being trained, and increases in strength and muscle. As more muscle fibres are recruited and less reps are required to failure, you do not break down as much muscle tissue. The fact that you aren’t breaking down as much tissue with training means the delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is decreased with BFRT when compared to conventional resistance training with similar loads.  

A combination of blood pooling, accumulation of metabolites, and reactive hyperaemia following the removal of venous blood flow restriction (VBFR) which may contribute to skeletal muscle adaptions that occur with VBFR.

Leg Size pre Blood Flow Restriction Training

Leg Size pre Blood Flow Restriction Training

Cellular Swelling Post Blood Flow Restriction Training

Cellular Swelling Post Blood Flow Restriction Training

 

Blood Flow Restriction Training For Hypertrophy:

  • Muscular size increased following resistance training in a hypoxic environment
  • Able to train at 20% 1RM and still result in significant improvements of Hypertrophy
  • GH also increase insulin like growth factor (IGF-1), which is a protein linked to muscle growth
  • IGF-1 also increase satellite cell proliferation and therefore increase muscle mass

 

Blood Flow Restriction Training For Strength:

Bloof Flor Restriction Training for Hypertrophy

  • Increased cross sectional recruitment of muscle fibres
  • Increased muscle protein synthesis
  • Able to train at 20% 1RM and still result in significant improvements of strength

 

Blood Flow Restriction Training For Endurance:

  • Walking exercise with BFRT has been shown to improve the venous compliance compared to walking without blood flow restriction
  • BFRT has been shown to result in a 30% reduction in the number of repetitions to failure
  • It improves microvascular filtration capacity which is the ability for your body to filter the blood and excrete the molecules within blood responsible for repair and recovery
  • Enhanced levels of vascular endothelial growth factor, which is a protein associated with the formation of new capillaries and improvements in oxygen delivery to existing skeletal muscle

 

Who Would Benefit from BFRT:

Anyone looking to increase muscle size, muscle strength or muscle endurance, some examples of populations studied include:

  • Pre or Post-surgical rehabilitation
  • People unable to train with regular loads
  • Anyone looking to improve performance (Strength/endurance/power).

Is Blood Flow Restriction Training Safe?

When conducted with proper equipment under supervision yes, but as with all exercise should be monitored and check with a health care professional first. Precautions on top of normal pre exercise checklist include risk of thrombus (blood clot) formation, cardiovascular responses to exercise and numbness due to compression of vascular (veins and arteries) and nerves. Several studies have reported the following with regards to these concerns:

  • No change in blood markers for thrombin generation or intravascular clot formation
  • Possibility of intensified exercise pressure reflex (EPR) a reflex that contributes to cardiovascular modification during exercise from the autonomic nervous system, this can be mitigated by using relative cuff inflation pressures and reducing the BFR pressure
  • Numbness may occur due to inappropriately high cuff pressures – this is mitigated with appropriate selection of cuff size and pressure

BFRT is NOT Suitable For:

  • Patients with poor circulation systems
  • Diabetes
  • Cardiopulmonary conditions
  • Infections
  • People currently taking antihypertensives
  • Patients with diagnosed with Cancer

 

Exercises Prescription:

 Current recommendation for BFRT are 2-3 resistance or endurance session per week, ideally at a higher repetition volume in the vicinity of 75 reps (30,15,15,15) with a 30 second rest in between sets.

The goal of BFRT is to get metabolite accumulation (lactate) which increases in serum growth hormone which increases collagen synthesis for tissue repair and recovery along with IGF-1

Significant changes in strength will initially occur due to neural adaptions with long term strength gains being noticeable after 10+ weeks.

Intensities as low as 30% of Heart Rate Reserve (HRR), for 10-15 min, 2-3/7 for 6 weeks has shown improvement with cardiovascular improvement

Cuff width, cuff pressure, continuous vs intermittent pressure all affects effectiveness. Cuff pressure shoulder be between 40-90% of the individuals Arterial Occlusion pressure (AOP). Absolute pressure varies depending on cuff width. Wider cuffs have a lower absolute AOP then a narrower cuff and results in less stress on the individual when training

 

Conclusion:

 

Uses for BFRT:

  • Effective for Rehabilitation
  • Aids Recovery
  • Improving Cardiovascular Function

The researched benefits of BFRT include:

  • Increased Strength
  • Increasing Muscle Growth (Hypertrophy)
  • Limiting Muscle wastage (Atrophy)

Precautions:

As with all exercise, consultation with a health care professional should be sought to check if this type of exercise program is suitable for your specific needs.

Exercise Prescription:

  • 2-3 resistance or endurance session per week,
  • higher repetition volume in the vicinity of 75 reps (30,15,15,15)
  • 30 second rest in between sets.

 

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References:

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